【摘要】 目的 确定横窦、乙状窦的体表定位，为岩骨相关手术的骨窗定位提供解剖学资料。 方法 在30个成人颅骨干性标本和15个成人颅骨湿性标本上，测量各标志点间的距离;观察骨性标志点对应内表面与横窦沟、乙状窦沟走行的关系。 结果 ①52例颞鳞-顶乳缝交点投影在乙状窦沟上曲前上缘，占86.7%;枕内窿突与横窦沟下缘对应者28例，占93.3%。②颞鳞-顶乳缝交点与枕外窿突连线可作为横窦上缘标志线;枕内窿突与“O”点连线可作为横窦下缘标志线;颞鳞-顶乳缝交点与乳突尖连线可作为乙状窦前缘标志线;“O”点与乳突尖连线可作为乙状窦后缘标志线。 结论 通过体表可扪及的外耳道上棘、乳突尖和枕外窿突，可对横窦、乙状窦边界进行体表定位，最大限度避免损伤静脉窦，使入路设计更为安全，术中视野更为开阔。
【关键词】 神经解剖学 颅窝 后 横窦沟 乙状窦沟
Measurement of bony landmarks in the posterior part of the lateral cranial base
and body surface location of the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus
XU Hua, ZHANG Tiehui, LIN Youzhi, et al
Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Abstract: Objective To study the body surface location of the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus to provide the anatomic information to location of the bone window for petrous bone-associated operation. Methods Thirty dry and 15 fresh cadaver heads were chosen for study. The distances between marker points were measured. Corresponding relationships were observed between the bony landmarks of the posterior part of the lateral cranial base and locations of the sigmoid sulcus and transverse sinus sulcus. Results ① The junction of temporo-squamosal -parietomastoid sutures was projected to the anterosuperior border of the superior flexion of the sigmoid sinus sulcus, accounting for 86.7% of the sum, and 28 cases showed that internal occipital protuberance corresponds to the inferior part of the transverse sinus sulcus, accounting for 93.3%. ②The superior border of the transverse sinus corresponds to the line connecting external occipital protuberance with the junction of temporo-squamosal-parietomastoid sutures, and its inferior border to the line connecting internal occipital protuberance with O point. The anterior border of the sigmoid sinus corresponds to the line connecting the mastoid tip with the junction of temporo-squamosal -parietomastoid sutures
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