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住院学龄期儿童的医疗恐惧及其影响因素 |
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严谨
摘要 目的：调查我国住院学龄儿童的医疗恐惧状况及影响因素。方法：采用儿童医疗恐惧量表对101例住院学龄儿童进行了调查。结果：住院学龄儿童医疗恐惧总分为029.94±5.64，17项条目中得分最高的3项为离家、死亡和耽误功课；最低的3项为医生/护士检查喉咙、吃药和受到伤害时哭鼻子。总的医疗恐惧、医疗环境恐惧以及人际关系恐惧与年龄正相关（P<0.05）。对医疗操作的恐惧，女性较男性高（P< 0.001）。结论：降低儿童医疗恐惧重在降低儿童对医疗环境的恐惧，尤其对离家、死亡和耽误功课的恐惧。在采取干预措施时，应考虑到年龄和性别因素的差异。
关键词 医疗恐惧 学龄期儿童 护理
Selected Factors Associated with Medical Fear among Hospitalized Chinese School-age Children
Yan Jin
Abstract Objective: To describe the degree of medical fear among hospitalized Chinese school-age children, and to refine whether medical fear of hospitalized Chinese school-age children could be related to their age, sex, type of illness and distance from family. Methods: Using the Child Medical Fear Scale , a structured interview was conducted to collect data among the hospitalized children of the three hospitals affiliated to Hunan Medical University. Results: The overall mean score of medical fear is 29.94±5.64. The three most feared items are being away from family, possibility of death, missing school for many days；The three least feared items are doctors/nurses looking down my throat, taking medications and cry when I get hurt. Age is positively related to the overall medical fear, environmental fear and interpersonal fear. Girls expressed more procedural fear than boys.
Author s address The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Medical University,Changsha,410078
Key words Medical fear School-age children Nursing
医疗恐惧是对医疗经历及其相关事件的情感反应，是住院儿童常见的心理反应。［1-3］过多的医疗恐惧可降低患儿对医疗护理的依从性，影响他们对疾病和住院的适应，使之不能有效地应对住院所导致的压力。［4-6］此外， 医疗恐惧还可带来诸如加大心灵创伤，延迟正常生长发育等负面影响。［7，8］因此，研究儿童医疗恐惧及其影响因素，对了解我国儿童医疗恐惧的状况，进行有针对性地干预具有重要意义。作者对101 例住院学龄儿童的医疗恐惧状况作了调查，并对其与年龄、性别、居住地区（城市或农村）、病程（急性或慢性）等因素的关系进行了分析。
1 对象和方法
1.1 研究对象
研究对象选自1997年11月至1998年1月在湖南医科大学附属第1、2、3医院的住院儿童。研究对象的年龄要求在6～12岁之间，本次住院时间2d以上，具有正常的认知能力和表达能力，慢性病患者病程须超过3个月，排除危重症病例。共入选101例，其中男56例，女45例；平均年龄为8±2岁；51例[1] [2] 下一页
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