老年性肺栓塞患者临床特征和高危因素分析

【摘要】  目的：通过与非老年性肺栓塞患者比较，分析老年性肺栓塞患者发生的高危因素和临床表现特征，提高其诊断率。方法：通过回顾性分析，分别对62例老年肺栓塞和74例非老年肺栓塞患者发生的高危因素、临床表现以及诊断方法进行比较。结果：非老年组相比，老年肺栓塞的高危因素主要包括脑卒中、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、高血压、冠心病和２型糖尿病等（P<0.05）。两组患者胸痛、晕厥、咳嗽、咯血的发生率间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。啰音的发生率在老年组患者显著高于非老年组（P<0.01）。D-二聚体水平在两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。老年组同时累及右肺动脉主支或左肺动脉主支者与非老年组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：患有脑卒中、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、高血压、冠心病、２型糖尿病等疾病的老年患者若出现胸痛，呼吸困难、晕厥、咳嗽、咳血等症状应及时诊断和治疗。

【关键词】  肺栓塞；老年；非老年；临床特征；高危因素

Analysis of risk factors and clinical features of elderly pulmonary embolism

    NI Xuefei， ZHU Xiaoping， ZHENG Xiwei      （Department of Respiration， Hospital Affiliated of Ning Xia Medical University， Yinchuan 750004）

    [Abstract]   Objective： To analyze the risk factors and clinical features of pulmonary embolism in elderly in comparison to the younger patients. Methods： The risk factors， clinical presentation and diagnostic methods of pulmonary embolism were retrospectively analyzed between 62 senile patients （≥60 ages） and 74 younger patients （<60 ages）. Results： The risk factors for pulmonary embolism in elder people included stroke， COPD， hypertension， coronary heart disease， and type ２ diabetes， but the symptoms of chest pain， syncope， cough and hemoptysis were not significantly different between groups（P>0.05）. The incidence of rales in elder people was higher than that in younger patients（P<0.01）.The level of D-dimer was no significantly difference in the two groups（P>0.05）. The pulmonary embolism incidence of both the main right and left pulmonary artery at the same time was no significant difference in the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion： The elderly patients with such diseases as stroke， COPD， hypertension， coronary heart disease， and type ２ diabetes should be paid much attention and diagnosed as soon as possible if  they presented with symptoms of chest pain， syncope， dysp

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