【摘要】 目的 建立与人膝关节僵直相似的动物模型。方法 通过用克氏针在山羊的膝关节股骨软骨面造成损伤，在股骨干骺端前侧骨面造成粗糙面以及重叠缝合髌韧带。然后交叉克氏针联合管型石膏伸直位固定膝关节。术后8周解除制动。分别测量术后8周和术后12周时膝关节的活动范围。结果 无论是在术后8周还是在解除制动的术后12周，手术膝均较对侧出现明显的伸直性膝关节僵硬。并且术后12周和术后8周比较，山羊手术膝的僵直程度没有出现明显的丢失。结论 合并软骨破坏、髌韧带重叠缝合和伸直位制动可导致山羊膝关节严重和持久的伸直位僵硬。
【关键词】 膝关节;模型;山羊
Establishment of animal models of stiff knee in goat
HUANG Zheyuan,YUAN Zhi,WEI Lei,et al.
(Department of Orthopedics,Xijing Hospital，Fourth Military Medical University,Xi an 710032,China)
Abstract： Objective To build up animal models with stiff knee which is similar to human knee.Methods Femoral cartilage surface of goat knee was damaged by using Kirschner wire,and the anterior bone surface of femoral metaphysis was made rough and the patellar ligament was overlapped and sutured.Then the knee joint was fixed in continuous extension with Kirschner wire and plaster cast.The fixation was removed at 8 weeks postoperatively.The range of motion of knee joint was measured at 8 weeks postoperatively and at 12 weeks postoperatively respectively.Results The extent of knee stiffness was more severe on the operated knee than that on the contralateral knee either at the postoperative 8 weeks or postoperative 12 weeks.There was no obvious difference in the knee stiffness between postoperative weeks 8 and 12.Conclusion Damaging cartilage,overlapping and suturing patellar ligament and fixing at extended knee can make knee stiffness serious in goat.
Key words:knee joint;models;goat
膝关节僵直常见于膝关节及其周围组织结构损伤或手术后长时间制动的病例[1]。临床上通常采取功能锻炼、理疗和手术松解等治疗，但仍有相当多的患者治疗效果并不理想。长期以来，对膝关节僵直的治疗一直是骨科领域未能很好解决的一个世界性难题。而建立膝关节僵直动物模型是探索其有效治疗新方法、解决该难题的重要一环。检索相关资料，却未发现理想的膝关节僵直动物模型，因此本研究拟使用雄性山羊建立膝关节僵直实验动物模型，为下一步探索其相关有效治疗方法提供模型基础。
材料与方法
1 实验分组
成年雄性山羊3只(第四军医大学动物实验中心提供)，年龄18～24个月，体重 (30±5) kg。每只山羊将左膝设为实验组，行手术固定8周;以右膝为对照组，未予手术固定。
2 模型制备
速眠新Ⅱ号注射液 (长春军事医学科学院军事兽医研究所 ) 0.2ml/kg肌肉注射麻醉，麻醉后取仰卧位并置于无菌台。在左膝关节前侧做2～3cm的横行皮肤切口，切断髌韧带
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