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玉米籽粒性状的遗传效应分析 |
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李玉玲 张泽民 许自成 席章营
摘 要：采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,以5个玉米自交系及其配制的F1，F2，BC1，BC2世代为材料,研究5个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明，除粒宽外，各性状的遗传同时由细胞质效应和胚、胚乳、母体基因效应所控制，百粒重主要受胚乳和母体效应的影响，粒长的遗传以母体效应为主，粒宽和粒厚以胚乳效应为主。各部位籽粒百粒重的胚乳直接加性效应与母体加性效应的协方差达到显著或极显著水平，其余性状的胚、胚乳直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著,通过母体植株的遗传表现可以对这些性状进行有效的选择。S22 是改良百粒重的优良亲本。
关键词：玉米；种子性状；遗传方差和协方差；遗传效应
分类号：Q343.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：0253－9772(2000)03－0133－04
Analysis of Genetic Effects on Kernel Traits in
Maize (Zea mays L.)
LI Yu-ling, XU Zi-cheng， XI Zhang-ying
（Agronomy Department of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002）
ZHANG Ze-min,
（Agronomy Department of Luoyang Agricultural College, Luoyang 471003，China）
Abstract：The embryo,endosperm and cytoplasm effects of seven seed traits were studied by genetic model for diploid embryo and triploid endosperm plant seeds using five inbreds and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations. The estimates of genetic variance components indicated that the inheritance of all other kernel traits was controlled by the four effects except kernel width. The 100kernel weight was mainly controlled by endosperm and maternal effects , and kernel length was controlled by the maternal effects,while endosperm conrrolled kernel width and kernel thickness. Except the significant or highly significant covariances between the endosperm direct additive and maternal additive effects for 100－kernel weight,all other traits between the embryo or endosperm direct effect and the maternal were not significant. So,maize inbreds could be developed by direct selection based on maternal plants for these traits. S22 was the best inbred of the improvement for kernel weight in this study.
Key words：maize;seed trait;genetic variance and covariance;genetic effects
作物的种子主要由胚和胚乳两部分组成,且生长在母体植株上,与母体植株相差一个世代。因此，种子的某些性状可能同时受二倍体胚、三倍体胚乳、细胞质和母体植株基因的影响。以往人们主要从核基因角度采用形态性状的分析方法对百粒重的配合力、遗传力、遗传效应等进行了研究〔1～2〕，而对粒长、粒宽、[1] [2] 下一页
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