人脑视皮质区软脑膜血管构筑的定量研究

吕华　李毅斌　洛树东

　　摘要：采用明胶墨汁灌注、光学显微镜下观察拍片、体视学测算等方法，对13例生后不足6个月的新生儿和婴儿脑标本视皮质软脑膜血管构筑进行定量分析。结果表明：视皮质软脑膜动脉有顶枕动脉、距状裂动脉、颞下后动脉、颞后动脉等4个来源，多以直角发出长、短分支，形成直线型和“Y”型吻合。其进入皮质穿入点的数密度以距状裂上、下唇的后段最高；中段次之；前段最低。提示人脑视皮质存在着多来源动脉血供及血管密度差异分布的特点。认为大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉分支间在枕极月状沟附近的丰富吻合是“黄斑回避”现象的解剖学基础。视皮质各段血管密度差异分布的形成可能是视皮质各段细胞分化和功能完善的先决条件。
　　关键词：人类；视皮质；血管
　　中图分类号：R322.33　　文献标识码：A
文章编号：1006－8716(2000)02－0083－04

A quantitaive research on the pial vascular architecture of human visual cortex

LU Hua， LUO Shu-dong
(Shanxi Medical University，Taiyuan 030001，China)
LI Yi-bin
(Shanxi Eye Hospital，Taiyuan 030001，China)

　　Abstract：The visual cortex of 13 brains of baby aged less than 6 months was studied.All the samples were infused with formaldehyde-gelatin-ink，observed with an opticmicroscope and photographed with a camera.The pial vascular densities were calculated with stereological method.The data were analysed by ANON.The results are as follows：pial arteries of visual cortex originate from parieto-occipital artery，calcarine ar-tery，inferior posterior temporal artery and posterior temporal artery.In general，they send out long and short branches at a right angle and form anastomosis in the form of straight line and “Y”.The density of the spots throuth which pial arteries enter visual cortex is the highest in posterior segment of calcarine cortex， the next in middle segment and the lowest im anterior segment.It is showed that the abundant anastomosis between the branches of middle cerebral artery and the branches of posterior cerebral artery near lunate sulcus is the anatomical base of “macula avoidance” and that the formation of different vascular densities may be the precondition of cellular differentiation and functional perfection.
　　Key words：human；visual cortex；blood vessels

　　视皮质区血管构筑的研究对于阐明中枢性视功能损害的发病机制具有重要意义，但是，由于材料来源有限，对人脑的研究资料仍比较匮乏。本文拟通过对人脑视皮质软脑膜血管构筑进行观察和定量分析，为临床

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