【摘要】 目的 了解招远市7岁以下儿童急性下呼吸道感染病原学及耐药情况，为指导临床合理用药提供依据。方法 随机选择2007年10月～2008年9月间在我院儿科住院的7岁以下急性下呼吸道感染病儿742例，无菌操作吸取病儿气管分泌物，进行细菌培养。采用法国ATB Expression自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪进行药敏试验，采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清支原体。结果 742例送检标本中，阳性标本478例，总阳性率64.42%，单纯细菌感染364例(49.06%)，单纯支原体感染66例(8.89%)，二者混合感染48例(6.50%)。细菌感染前3位分别为肺炎链球菌(27.09%)、流感嗜血杆菌(16.31%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(3.77%)。肺炎链球菌对青霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明耐药率分别高达100%、99.0%、91.2%。结论 招远市7岁以下儿童急性下呼吸道感染最常见的致病菌为肺炎链球菌及流感嗜血杆菌，肺炎链球菌耐药现象严重。支原体感染多见于1岁以上儿童。对儿童下呼吸道感染的治疗应根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗生素。
【关键词】 呼吸道感染;儿童;病原;微生物敏感性试验
DETECTION AND DRUGSENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA AND MYCOPLASMA IN CHILDREN UNDER SEVEN YEARS OLD WITH ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN ZHAOYUAN LI WENLIN, LI CAIYAN (Department of Paediatrics, Zhaoyuan People’s Hospital, Zhaoyuan 265400, China); [ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the etiology and drug resistance of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children under seven years old in Zhaoyuan. Methods From Oct. 2007 to Sept. 2008, 742 children with ALRTI were hospitalized, tracheal excretion was collected with aseptic technique for bacterial culture and a drug sensitivity test by ATB expression. Serum mycoplasma was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Of 742 samples sent for culture, 478 were positive, the total positive rate being 64.42%. Of which, 364 cases were pure bacteria infection (49.06%), 66 (8.89%) were pure mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and 48 (6.50%) were combined infection. For bacterial infection, the first three were Streptococcus pneumoniae (27.09%), Haemophilus influenzae (16.31%), and staphylococcal aureus (3.77%). The drugresistant of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazoleTMP (SMZco) was 100%, 99.0% and91.2%, respectively. Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are pathogenic bacteria commonly seen in children under seven years old with ALRTI in Zhaoyu
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