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小儿脑性瘫痪的病例对照研究 |
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刘建蒙 李松 林庆 赵平 赵凤临 洪世欣 郑俊池 季成叶 呼和牧人 李竹
【摘要】 目的 确定脑瘫的危险因素。方法 1997年5～6月在江苏南部进行了以人群为基础的1∶2病例对照研究。结果 将脑瘫的危险因素分为4类：胎儿发育迟缓、早产和低出生体重；出生窒息、颅内出血、缺血缺氧性脑病及高胆红素脑病；胎头吸引和脑外伤；其他（主要是产前因素）。结论 前2类因素与脑瘫的关联程度强并且重复性好。应加强产前保健，预防低出生体重等因素的发生；对出生窒息应积极治疗、密切观察；对于第3类因素应以产科实践和教育家长为关键措施；对第4类因素的认识程度还比较匮乏，可能与第1和第2类因素密切关联。
【关键词】 脑性瘫痪 危险因素 病例对照研究
A Case-control Study on Cerebral Palsy in Children
LIU Jianmeng，LI Song，LIN Qing， et al．
National Center for Maternal and Infant Health，
Beijing Medical University，Beijing 100083
【Abstract】 Objective To identify the risk factors for cerebral palsy （CP）in children．Methods A population-based 1∶2 matched case-control study was conducted during May to June 1997 in southern Jiangsu Province of China. Results Risk factors for CP in children could be summarized into four categories，i.e.; ① fetal growth retardation，preterm delivery and low birth weight; ② asphyxia at birth，intracranial hemorrhage，ischemic and hypoxic encephalopathy and hyperbilirubinemic encephalopathy; ③ delivery with vaccum suction and traumatic brain injury；and ④ other prenatal factors. Conclusion The first and second categories of risk factors correlated strongly and reproducibly with CP in children．It is emphasized that antenatal care be enforced to prevent occurrence of risk factors，such as low birth weight，etc.，and the newborns with asphyxia be vigorously rescued and put under close supervision．For risk factors in the third category，the key measures should be obstetric practice and health education for the parents．But，little about the knowledge of the risk factors in the fourth category has been understood，which could be associated with those in the first two categories．
【Key words】 Cerebral palsy Risk factors Case-control studies
小儿脑性瘫痪是导致儿童残疾的主要疾病之一，影响其身心发育，妨碍提高人口素质。1997年6月在江苏南部7个市进行了以人群为基础的1∶2病例对照研究，发现产时和新生儿期有关危险因素与脑瘫的关联程度较大［1］。本研究在此基础上，对危险因素做进一步的归类和分析。
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