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云南省本地儿童与流动儿童口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫状况分析 |
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刘晓强 陆林 丁峥嵘 马云洪 常利涛 杜芳朝 田建中 朱元清 张永瑞 黄黔云
摘 要：为了解云南省本地儿童和流动儿童口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）的免疫状况，在5个地区（市、州）进行了OPV强化免疫快速评估及相关调查。结果显示流动儿童OPV的免疫状况与本地儿童有较大差距：①本地儿童和流动儿童在免疫服务机构的选择上有明显差别，本地儿童接受OPV免疫主要通过乡村医生入户（常规免疫59.81％，强化免疫58.52％），流动儿童则主要是通过临时服苗点（强化免疫59.21％）、县（区、市）卫生防疫站（常规免疫26.01％）等，两者差异有显著的统计学意义（χ2＝529.67，P＜0.001）；②既往服苗史，流动儿童OPV≥3剂次儿童的比例（41.50％）比本地儿童（62.20％）低，而零剂次免疫儿童的比例（24.04％）较本地儿童（11.64％）高；③流动儿童两轮OPV强化免疫服苗率（72.59％、73.77％）比本地儿童（89.24％、88.85％）低；④来自省外的流动儿童OPV≥3剂次服苗率（32.20％）低于来自省内的流动儿童（43.78％）；⑤流动儿童随着在本地居住时间的延长，零剂次免疫儿童的比例逐渐减少，OPV≥3剂次服苗率逐渐增加。分析提示，流动儿童的OPV免疫存在较多薄弱环节和问题，仍然是今后消灭脊髓灰质炎工作的重点和难点，需进一步采取针对性措施加以改进和加强。
关键词：流动儿童；本地儿童；口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗；免疫状况；快速评估
分类号：R512.4；R186 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1006－916X（2000）01－0034－03
Analysis of the Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine Immunization Status of Mobile Resident Children and Permanent Resident Children in Yunnan Province
LIU Xiao-qiang, LU Lin, DING Zheng-rong, et al.
（Epidemic Prevention Station of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, Kunming 650022, China.）
Abstract：In order to analyse the oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) immunization status of mobile resident children and permanent resident children, a rapid evaluation of immunization coverage rate on National Immunization Days (NIDs) and the related investigations were conducted in 5 adminstrative districts (prefectures, cities) . The results showed: (1) 59.8% and 58.52% of the permanent resident children, mainly inoculated by village-doctors at their homes, received routine vaccination and NIDs supplementary immunization, respectively. But the mobile resident children were immunizated at the provisional immunization places of NIDs (NIDs, 59.21%) and routinely at some epidemic prevention stations of county level (routine, 26.1%). There was a significant difference between the two groups; (2) The analysis of immunization history showed that the vaccination rate of mobile resident children receiving≥3 OPV doses was lower (41.50%) th[1] [2] [3] 下一页
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