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上海市1个月 12岁儿童气质特点研究 |
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张劲松 沈理笑 许积德 陆雪奇 张松友
【摘要】目的：探讨儿童气质的变化特点，并为建立常模提供依据。方法：选取有代表性的上海市1个月—12岁的儿童，有效例数2153人，采用Carey的EITQ、RITQ、TTS、BSQ、MCTQ进行儿童气质的研究，分别按年龄和性别进行分析。结果：1岁以内气质的性别差异无或很小；1-3岁儿童中男孩较女孩反应强烈；3-7岁儿童中男孩活动量较高、节律性较强、反应阈较高；8-12岁儿童中男孩的活动量较高、可预见性较低、反应较强烈、坚持性较低。1岁内儿童的活动水平随年龄而增高，1岁以后的儿童总体上表现为高年龄组儿童的活动水平降低、适应性更强的倾向，3岁以后的儿童表现出随年龄增加而反应强度下降、坚持性增高的倾向，1-7岁之间儿童的注意分散度逐渐下降。气质特点约从7岁左右开始更稳定。结论：儿童气质的性别差异随年龄增长而逐渐显现出来，高年龄组中差异显著的维度较低年龄组多。气质特点随年龄变化的趋势与儿童的神经心理发育密切相关。
【关键词】儿童气质 常模 性别差异 年龄差异
The Temperament Study of One-month to Twelve-year Old Children in Shanghai
Zhang Jinsong Shen Lixiao Xu Zhide et al.
（Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University， Shanghai， CHINA 200092）
【Abstract】Objective： To explore the temperament traits of children and establish the norms. Method： Five children temperament questionnaires (EITQ， RITQ， TTS， BSQ， MCTQ) developed by Carey were administered to 2153 children with age ranging from one month to twelve-year old sampled in Shanghai. Data were analyzed according to age and gender. Results： No gender difference was found in any temperament trait of one-year-old children. Boys were more intense than girls in 1- to 3-year old children. Boys were more active， more rhythmic and had higher threshold of response than girls in 3- to 7-year old children. Boys were more active， less predictive， more intense， less persistent in 8- to 12-year old children. Age differences of temperament were detected in different age group. The tendency was that the children were less active and more adaptable with the age increasing after one year old， and less intense and more insistent after 3 years old， less distractible in 1- to 7- year old children. Conclusion： The gender differences of children temperament become more significant with the children s age.
【Key words】children temperament norms gender difference age difference
气质是个性心理特征之一，是一种先天的素质，在刚出生的婴儿身上即体现出来。Thomas和Chess认为儿童气质是行为的表现方式[1] [2] 下一页
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